C++ - Introduction, operator, Programming construct

 

C++ LANGUAGE

 

§     It is an extension Language of c

§     Object Oriented Programing Lanuguage(OOPs)

§     Author :  Bjarne Stroustrup – 1980 – AT & T Bell Laboratory

§     Languages Used – 1. C Language (Low level Features)

o   2. Simula67(Class concept)

 

 

 

Characteristics of OOPs

 

Ø  Class

Ø  Encapsulation

Ø  Polymorphism

Ø  Inheritance

Ø  Overloading

 

Program Structure

 

 

#include Directive

Global Declaration;

void main()

{

            Local Declaration;

}

Functions;

 

Data Types

 

·       User Defined Type

·       Buil-in-Type

·       Derived Type

 

 

 

User Defined Type

         

·       Structure

·       Union

·       Class

·       Enumeration

 

Built-in-Type

 

·       Integral Type – int, char

·       Void

·       Floating Type – float, double

 

 

Derived Type

 

·       Array

·       Function

·       Pointer

·       Reference

 

DATA TYPE

          ·         int – 2 byte

          ·         char – 1 byte

          ·         float – 4 byte

          ·         double – 8 byte (double precision floating point)

          ·         long int – 4 byte – more digits

          ·         short int – 2 byte – fewer digits

          ·         unsigned char – 1 byte

          ·         unsigned int – 2 byte

          ·         long double – 10 byte(double precision floating point)

 

 

 

 

Operators

 

Arithmetic Operator

 

+       addition

-        subtraction

*        multiplication

/        division

%            modulus

 

Relational Operators

 

>       greater than

<       less than

>=     greater than

<=     less than

= =    equal to

!=      not equal to

 

Arithmetic Assignment operators

 

=       simple assignment

+=     assign sum

-=      assign difference

*=     assign product

/=      assign quotient

%=    assign remainder

 

Logical operators

 

&&   and operator

||        or operator

!        not operator

 

Increment and Decrement operator

 

++<id>      prefix increment

<id>++      postfix increment

- - <id>      prefix decrement

<id> - -      postfix decrement

 

Bitwise Logical Operators

 

&      bitwise AND

||        bitwise OR

^        bitwise exclusive OR

<<     left shift

>>     right shift

For statement

 

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int i;

cout<<"Enter the value=";

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)

{

cout<<i<<endl;

getch();

}

}

 

 

 

While statement

 

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int i;

while(i<=5)

{

cout<<i<<endl;

i++;

getch();

}

}

 

Do while statement

 

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int i=1;

do

{

cout<<i<<endl;

i++;

}

while(i<=5);

getch();

}